{"id":793,"date":"2013-06-27T19:59:15","date_gmt":"2013-06-27T19:59:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/?p=793"},"modified":"2013-08-13T21:46:09","modified_gmt":"2013-08-13T21:46:09","slug":"flexible-high-density-mos2-sensor-arrays-for-monitoring-action-potentials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/flexible-high-density-mos2-sensor-arrays-for-monitoring-action-potentials\/","title":{"rendered":"Flexible High-Density MoS2 Sensor Arrays for Monitoring Action Potentials"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Monolayer MoS<sub>2<\/sub>, a transition metal dichalcogenide, is a novel flexible semiconducting material with a 1.8 eV direct band gap.\u00a0 Recent research has brought about flexible MoS<sub>2<\/sub> transistors; highly sensitive NO gas sensors; and a number of MoS<sub>2<\/sub> circuits including logic gates, SRAM cells, and oscillators<sup>[<a href=\"#footnote_0_793\" id=\"identifier_0_793\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"J. Pu, Y. Yomogida, K.-K. Liu, L.-J. Li, Y. Iwasa, and T. Takenobu, &ldquo;Highly flexible MoS2 thin-film transistors with ion gel dielectrics,&rdquo; Nano Letters, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 4013&ndash;17, Aug. 2012.\">1<\/a>]<\/sup><sup>[<a href=\"#footnote_1_793\" id=\"identifier_1_793\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"B. Radisavljevic, A. Radenovic, J. Brivio, V. Giacometti, and A. Kis, &ldquo;Single-layer MoS2 transistors,&rdquo; Nature Nanotechnology, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 147&ndash;50, Mar. 2011.\">2<\/a>]<\/sup><sup>[<a href=\"#footnote_2_793\" id=\"identifier_2_793\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"H. Li, Z. Yin, Q. He, H. Li, X. Huang, G. Lu, D. W. H. Fam, A. I. Y. Tok, Q. Zhang, and H. Zhang, &ldquo;Fabrication of single- and multilayer MoS2 film-based field-effect transistors for sensing NO at room temperature,&rdquo; Small, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 63&ndash;67, Jan. 2012.\">3<\/a>]<\/sup><sup>[<a href=\"#footnote_3_793\" id=\"identifier_3_793\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"H. Wang, L. Yu, Y.-H. Lee, Y. Shi, A. Hsu, M. L. Chin, L.-J. Li, M. Dubey, J. Kong, and T. Palacios, &ldquo;Integrated circuits based on bilayer MoS\u2082 transistors,&rdquo; Nano Letters, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 4674&ndash;80, Sep. 2012.\">4<\/a>]<\/sup>.\u00a0 Furthermore, a newly-developed MoS<sub>2<\/sub> chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth process now opens the doors to large-scale and cheap manufacture of monolayer films<sup>[<a href=\"#footnote_4_793\" id=\"identifier_4_793\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Y.-H. Lee, X.-Q. Zhang, W. Zhang, M.-T. Chang, C.-T. Lin, K.-D. Chang, Y.-C. Yu, J. T.-W. Wang, C.-S. Chang, L.-J. Li, and T.-W. Lin, &ldquo;Synthesis of large-area MoS2 atomic layers with chemical vapor deposition,&rdquo; Advanced Materials, vol. 24, no. 17, pp. 2320&ndash;25, May 2012.\">5<\/a>]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>We are working on the use of CVD-grown MoS<sub>2<\/sub> in biological and chemical sensors focusing on the specific application of implantable high-density and flexible sensor arrays for recording action potentials in sub-surface brain structures.\u00a0 Current state-of-the-art <i>in vivo<\/i> neuronal sensing is limited either to monitoring surface regions or to implanting rigid probes for sensing sub-surface regions of the brain<sup>[<a href=\"#footnote_5_793\" id=\"identifier_5_793\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"J. Viventi, D.-H. Kim, L. Vigeland, E. S. Frechette, J. a Blanco, Y.-S. Kim, A. E. Avrin, V. R. Tiruvadi, S.-W. Hwang, A. C. Vanleer, D. F. Wulsin, K. Davis, C. E. Gelber, L. Palmer, J. Van der Spiegel, J. Wu, J. Xiao, Y. Huang, D. Contreras, J. A. Rogers, and B. Litt, &ldquo;Flexible, foldable, actively multiplexed, high-density electrode array for mapping brain activity in vivo,&rdquo; Nature Neuroscience, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1599&ndash;605, Dec. 2011.\">6<\/a>]<\/sup>. Surface brain structures represent only a minute area of interest whereas rigid probes for sub-surface monitoring repeatedly slice brain tissue in response to micromovements. This action results in considerable tissue damage and scarring, which ultimately leads to poor neuronal contact and degraded signal detection.\u00a0 By incorporating both flexible MoS<sub>2<\/sub> sensors and transistors into specialized probes for monitoring sub-surface structures, we plan to overcome some of the limitations in state-of-the art systems while providing further insights into the electronic and sensing capabilities of MoS<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-793 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/flexible-high-density-mos2-sensor-arrays-for-monitoring-action-potentials\/mackin_potentials01\/'><img width=\"300\" height=\"224\" src=\"https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/22\/files\/2013\/06\/mackin_potentials01-300x224.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-795\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/22\/files\/2013\/06\/mackin_potentials01-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/22\/files\/2013\/06\/mackin_potentials01-1024x767.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/22\/files\/2013\/06\/mackin_potentials01-220x164.jpg 220w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-795'>\n\t\t\t\tFigure 1: Electrical double-layer transistor (EDLT) implemented using monolayer MoS2. MoS2 can be grown on a variety of substrates through chemical vapor deposition using S8 and MoO3 at 650\u00b0C. MoS2 channel regions are isolated via oxygen plasma etch. Ti\/Au source-drain contacts are subsequently deposited using electron beam evaporation.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/flexible-high-density-mos2-sensor-arrays-for-monitoring-action-potentials\/mackin_potentials02\/'><img width=\"300\" height=\"265\" src=\"https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/22\/files\/2013\/06\/mackin_potentials02-300x265.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-796\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/22\/files\/2013\/06\/mackin_potentials02-300x265.png 300w, https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/22\/files\/2013\/06\/mackin_potentials02-1024x905.png 1024w, https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/22\/files\/2013\/06\/mackin_potentials02-220x194.png 220w, https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/22\/files\/2013\/06\/mackin_potentials02.png 1128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-796'>\n\t\t\t\tFigure 2: MoS2 sensor array system architecture.  Memory-inspired design employs encoded inputs to provide access to 2n sensor rows using n inputs.  This configuration makes addressing and data extraction manageable for large sensors arrays.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<ol class=\"footnotes\"><li id=\"footnote_0_793\" class=\"footnote\">J. Pu, Y. Yomogida, K.-K. Liu, L.-J. Li, Y. Iwasa, and T. Takenobu, \u201cHighly flexible MoS2 thin-film transistors with ion gel dielectrics,\u201d <i>Nano Letters<\/i>, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 4013\u201317, Aug. 2012. [<a href=\"#identifier_0_793\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/li><li id=\"footnote_1_793\" class=\"footnote\">B. Radisavljevic, A. Radenovic, J. Brivio, V. Giacometti, and A. Kis, \u201cSingle-layer MoS2 transistors,\u201d <i>Nature Nanotechnology<\/i>, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 147\u201350, Mar. 2011. [<a href=\"#identifier_1_793\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/li><li id=\"footnote_2_793\" class=\"footnote\">H. Li, Z. Yin, Q. He, H. Li, X. Huang, G. Lu, D. W. H. Fam, A. I. Y. Tok, Q. Zhang, and H. Zhang, \u201cFabrication of single- and multilayer MoS2 film-based field-effect transistors for sensing NO at room temperature,\u201d <i>Small<\/i>, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 63\u201367, Jan. 2012. [<a href=\"#identifier_2_793\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/li><li id=\"footnote_3_793\" class=\"footnote\">H. Wang, L. Yu, Y.-H. Lee, Y. Shi, A. Hsu, M. L. Chin, L.-J. Li, M. Dubey, J. Kong, and T. Palacios, \u201cIntegrated circuits based on bilayer MoS\u2082 transistors,\u201d <i>Nano Letters<\/i>, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 4674\u201380, Sep. 2012. [<a href=\"#identifier_3_793\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/li><li id=\"footnote_4_793\" class=\"footnote\">Y.-H. Lee, X.-Q. Zhang, W. Zhang, M.-T. Chang, C.-T. Lin, K.-D. Chang, Y.-C. Yu, J. T.-W. Wang, C.-S. Chang, L.-J. Li, and T.-W. Lin, \u201cSynthesis of large-area MoS2 atomic layers with chemical vapor deposition,\u201d <i>Advanced Materials<\/i>, vol. 24, no. 17, pp. 2320\u201325, May 2012. [<a href=\"#identifier_4_793\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/li><li id=\"footnote_5_793\" class=\"footnote\">J. Viventi, D.-H. Kim, L. Vigeland, E. S. Frechette, J. a Blanco, Y.-S. Kim, A. E. Avrin, V. R. Tiruvadi, S.-W. Hwang, A. C. Vanleer, D. F. Wulsin, K. Davis, C. E. Gelber, L. Palmer, J. Van der Spiegel, J. Wu, J. Xiao, Y. Huang, D. Contreras, J. A. Rogers, and B. Litt, \u201cFlexible, foldable, actively multiplexed, high-density electrode array for mapping brain activity in vivo,\u201d <i>Nature Neuroscience<\/i>, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1599\u2013605, Dec. 2011. [<a href=\"#identifier_5_793\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Monolayer MoS2, a transition metal dichalcogenide, is a novel flexible semiconducting material with a 1.8 eV direct band gap.\u00a0 Recent&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":370,"featured_media":795,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[26,6,8,5530],"tags":[12614,60],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/793"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/370"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=793"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/793\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2198,"href":"https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/793\/revisions\/2198"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/795"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=793"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=793"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mtlsites.mit.edu\/annual_reports\/2013\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=793"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}