{"id":1852,"date":"2010-07-13T14:05:27","date_gmt":"2010-07-13T18:05:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/?p=1852"},"modified":"2010-07-13T14:05:27","modified_gmt":"2010-07-13T18:05:27","slug":"optical-antenna-integrated-superconducting-nanowire-single-photon-detectors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/optical-antenna-integrated-superconducting-nanowire-single-photon-detectors\/","title":{"rendered":"Optical-antenna-integrated Superconducting Nanowire Single-photon Detectors"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"page-restrict-output\"><p>We designed and fabricated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) with nano-optical antennae to reduce the length of the nanowire needed for efficient optical coupling.\u00a0 In our design, we increased the pitch of the meander and added a gold nano-optical antenna structure together with a top reflector to enhance the absorptance of the niobium nitride (NbN) nanowire for transverse-magnetically (TM) polarized incident light.\u00a0 This structure simultaneously suppressed the absorptance of transverse-electrically (TE) polarized light.\u00a0 The mechanism by which the antennae increase the absorption of TM-polarized light can be understood by modeling the structure as an array of slot waveguides.\u00a0 We experimentally demonstrated 47% device efficiency for a 9 mm \u00d7 9 mm, 600-nm pitch SNSPD for the TM-polarization and 4% for the TE-polarization, consistent with theoretical predictions.\u00a0 The reduction of the length of the nanowire shortened the detection efficiency recovery time for the detector after pulsing.\u00a0 The total length of the antenna-coupled nanowire was 145 mm.\u00a0 Compared with a typical (non-antenna coupled), 200-nm pitch SNSPD with the same area, the length of the nanowire was reduced by 2\/3, and therefore the speed is expected to have been increased by a factor of 3.<\/p>\n<p>At MIT Lincoln Laboratory, this work was sponsored by the United States Air Force under Air Force Contract #FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, recommendations and conclusions are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government.<\/p>\n<style type='text\/css'>\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t<\/style>\n<p>\t\t<!-- see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php --><\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-1852'>\n<dl class='gallery-item'>\n<dt class='gallery-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/files\/2010\/07\/Hu_Optical_antenna_Fig1.png' title='Figure 1' rel=\"lightbox[1852]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"283\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/files\/2010\/07\/Hu_Optical_antenna_Fig1-283x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium\" alt=\"Figure 1\" title=\"Figure 1\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n<dd class='gallery-caption'>\n<p>\t\t\t\tFigure 1: A schematic of optical-antenna-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detector. Compared with the past design<sup>&nbsp;[<a href=\"#footnote_0_1852\" id=\"identifier_0_1852\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"K.M. Rosfjord, J.K.W. Yang, E.A. Dauler, A.J. Kerman, V. Anant, B.M. Voronov, G.N. Gol&rsquo;tsman, and K.K. Berggren, &ldquo;Nanowire single-photon detector with an integrated optical cavity and anti-reflection coating,&rdquo; Optics Express, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 527-534, Jan. 2006.\">1<\/a>]<\/sup>, this design has gold structures between HSQ pillars to collect and focus light into NbN nanowire. The sparser meander with a pitch, p, makes the overall length of the nanowire shorter, yielding a faster detector.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl class='gallery-item'>\n<dt class='gallery-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/files\/2010\/07\/Hu_Optical_antenna_Fig2.png' title='Figure 2' rel=\"lightbox[1852]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"300\" height=\"255\" src=\"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/files\/2010\/07\/Hu_Optical_antenna_Fig2-300x255.png\" class=\"attachment-medium\" alt=\"Figure 2\" title=\"Figure 2\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n<dd class='gallery-caption'>\n\t\t\t\tFigure 2: Measured device efficiency of the antenna-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detector for two polarizations.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<p><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><br \/>\n\t\t\t<br style='clear: both;' \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<hr>\r\nReferences<ol class=\"footnotes\"><li id=\"footnote_0_1852\" class=\"footnote\">K.M. Rosfjord, J.K.W. Yang, E.A. Dauler, A.J. Kerman, V. Anant, B.M. Voronov, G.N. Gol&#8217;tsman, and K.K. Berggren, &#8220;Nanowire single-photon detector with an integrated optical cavity and anti-reflection coating,&#8221; <em>Optics Express<\/em>, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 527-534, Jan. 2006. [<a href=\"#identifier_0_1852\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"page-restrict-output\"><p>We designed and fabricated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) with nano-optical antennae to reduce the length of the nanowire needed&#8230;<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[11],"tags":[41,4203],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1852"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1852"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1852\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1859,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1852\/revisions\/1859"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1852"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}