{"id":1431,"date":"2010-07-07T10:51:39","date_gmt":"2010-07-07T14:51:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/?p=1431"},"modified":"2010-07-07T10:51:39","modified_gmt":"2010-07-07T14:51:39","slug":"a-micropower-electrocardiogram-amplifier","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/a-micropower-electrocardiogram-amplifier\/","title":{"rendered":"A Micropower Electrocardiogram Amplifier"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"page-restrict-output\"><p><script type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script>We have developed an electrocardiogram (EKG) preamplifier with a power consumption of 2.8\u03bcW, 8.1\u03bcVrms input-referred noise, and a Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) of 90dB. Compared to previously reported work, this amplifier represents a significant reduction in power with little compromise in signal quality<sup>&nbsp;[<a href=\"#footnote_0_1431\" id=\"identifier_0_1431\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"L. Fay, V. Misra, and R. Sarpeshkar, &ldquo;A Micropower Electrocardiogram Amplifier,&rdquo; IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 312-320, Oct. 2009.\">1<\/a>]<\/sup>. The improvement in performance may be attributed to many optimizations throughout the design, including the use of subthreshold transistor operation to improve noise efficiency, gain-setting capacitors versus resistors, half-rail operation wherever possible, optimal power allocations amongst amplifier blocks, and the sizing of devices to improve matching and reduce noise. We envision that the micropower amplifier can be used as part of a wireless EKG monitoring system powered by rectified radio-frequency (RF) energy or other forms of energy harvesting.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-1431 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/sarpeshkar_electrocardiogram_01.jpg'><img width=\"300\" height=\"232\" src=\"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/sarpeshkar_electrocardiogram_01-300x232.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Figure 1\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1432\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/sarpeshkar_electrocardiogram_01-300x232.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/sarpeshkar_electrocardiogram_01.jpg 549w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1432'>\n\t\t\t\tFigure 1: Electrocardiogram amplifier schematic.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/sarpeshkar_electrocardiogram_02.jpg'><img width=\"300\" height=\"212\" src=\"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/sarpeshkar_electrocardiogram_02-300x212.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Figure 2\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1433\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/sarpeshkar_electrocardiogram_02-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/sarpeshkar_electrocardiogram_02.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1433'>\n\t\t\t\tFigure 2: Example of an EKG signal captured with the amplifier; the  subject has a healthy heart.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<hr>\r\nReferences<ol class=\"footnotes\"><li id=\"footnote_0_1431\" class=\"footnote\">L. Fay, V. Misra, and R. Sarpeshkar, &#8220;A Micropower Electrocardiogram Amplifier,&#8221; <em>IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems<\/em>, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 312-320, Oct. 2009. [<a href=\"#identifier_0_1431\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"page-restrict-output\"><p>We have developed an electrocardiogram (EKG) preamplifier with a power consumption of 2.8\u03bcW, 8.1\u03bcVrms input-referred noise, and a Common-Mode Rejection&#8230;<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[28,27],"tags":[65],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1431"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1431"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1431\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1435,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1431\/revisions\/1435"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}