{"id":1390,"date":"2010-07-07T09:50:42","date_gmt":"2010-07-07T13:50:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/?p=1390"},"modified":"2010-07-15T15:09:57","modified_gmt":"2010-07-15T19:09:57","slug":"a-malaria-diagnostic-system-based-on-electric-impedance-spectroscopy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/a-malaria-diagnostic-system-based-on-electric-impedance-spectroscopy\/","title":{"rendered":"A Malaria-diagnostic System Based on Electric Impedance Spectroscopy"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"page-restrict-output\"><p>Malaria kills about a million people worldwide a year. The parasitic disease prevails mainly in Africa, India, and Brazil; it is life-threatening if not treated quickly<sup>&nbsp;[<a href=\"#footnote_0_1390\" id=\"identifier_0_1390\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"World Health Organization Staff, World Malaria Report 2009, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2009.\">1<\/a>]<\/sup>. In Africa, where the majority of casualties occur, medical care is lacking and field-diagnostic devices are in great demand. Developing countries with emerging markets and large populations have great demands for low-cost health care and malaria control systems.<\/p>\n<p>Various studied have been conducted on the effects of malaria parasites in human red blood cells (RBCs). The malaria parasite changes deformability of an RBC and makes it stiff. Additionally, it reduces hemoglobin concentration by converting it to hemozoin. As a consequence, the dielectric coefficient and refractive index map of individual cells change<sup>&nbsp;[<a href=\"#footnote_1_1390\" id=\"identifier_1_1390\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Y. Park, &ldquo;Refractive index maps and membrane dynamics of human red blood cells parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum,&rdquo; PNAS, vol. 105, pp. 13730-13735, Sep. 2008.\">2<\/a>]<\/sup>. However, diagnostic techniques utilizing those effects may require long diagnosis time and\/or expensive fluorescent microscopes.<\/p>\n<p>We are developing a malaria-diagnostic system based on electric impedance spectroscopy. Instead of mechanical or optical properties of cells, our interest focuses on the electrical property of RBC and changes that occur after infection<sup>&nbsp;[<a href=\"#footnote_2_1390\" id=\"identifier_2_1390\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"C. Ribaut, &ldquo;Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to study physiological changes affecting the red blood cell after invasion by malaria parasites,&rdquo; Biosensors and Bioelectronics, vol. 24, pp. 2721-2725, 2009.\">3<\/a>]<\/sup>. Electric impedance spectroscopy allows measuring the electric impedance of individual RBCs in a flowing channel with high throughput<sup>&nbsp;[<a href=\"#footnote_3_1390\" id=\"identifier_3_1390\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"T. Sun and H. Morgan, &ldquo;Single-cell microfluidic impedance cytometry: a review,&rdquo; Microfluid Nanofluid, vol. 8, pp. 423-443, 2010.\">4<\/a>]<\/sup>, so that the device can detect malaria-infected cells from whole blood in a short time. A low-power BioMEMS-IC hybrid chip can also play the role of a front-end device in a wireless diagnostic system.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-1390 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/ha_malaria_01.png'><img width=\"300\" height=\"180\" src=\"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/ha_malaria_01-300x180.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Figure 1\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1392\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/ha_malaria_01-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/ha_malaria_01.png 540w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1392'>\n\t\t\t\tFigure 1: Microfluidic channel for electric impedance spectroscopy.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/ha_malaria_02.png'><img width=\"278\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/ha_malaria_02-278x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Figure 2\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1394\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/ha_malaria_02-278x300.png 278w, https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/ha_malaria_02.png 415w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 278px) 100vw, 278px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1394'>\n\t\t\t\tFigure 2: Malaria-diagnostic BioMEMS-IC hybrid system. From IC, processed impedance data is sent out. \n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<hr>\r\nReferences<ol class=\"footnotes\"><li id=\"footnote_0_1390\" class=\"footnote\">World Health Organization Staff, <em>World Malaria Report 2009<\/em>, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2009. [<a href=\"#identifier_0_1390\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/li><li id=\"footnote_1_1390\" class=\"footnote\">Y. Park, \u201cRefractive index maps and membrane dynamics of human red blood cells parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum,\u201d <em>PNAS<\/em>, vol. 105, pp. 13730-13735, Sep. 2008. [<a href=\"#identifier_1_1390\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/li><li id=\"footnote_2_1390\" class=\"footnote\">C. Ribaut, \u201cElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy to study physiological changes affecting the red blood cell after invasion by malaria parasites,\u201d <em>Biosensors and Bioelectronics<\/em>, vol. 24, pp. 2721-2725, 2009. [<a href=\"#identifier_2_1390\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/li><li id=\"footnote_3_1390\" class=\"footnote\">T. Sun and H. Morgan, \u201cSingle-cell microfluidic impedance cytometry: a review,\u201d <em>Microfluid Nanofluid<\/em>, vol. 8, pp. 423-443, 2010. [<a href=\"#identifier_3_1390\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"page-restrict-output\"><p>Malaria kills about a million people worldwide a year. The parasitic disease prevails mainly in Africa, India, and Brazil; it&#8230;<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[27],"tags":[17,4146],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1390"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1390"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1390\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2185,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1390\/revisions\/2185"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1390"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1390"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu2.mit.local\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1390"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}